Egidio
Publication · v1.0 · July 2026

The Grammar Memo

The 8 psychological mechanisms every scam exploits, on one page. The cheat sheet for the journalist, the teacher, the loved one who wants to understand fast.

Version 1.0 July 2026 License CC BY 4.0 Derived from the Grammar of Manipulation

The 8 mechanisms

Mechanism 1

Manufactured Urgency

Artificially compressing a target's decision time to prevent them from verifying or reflecting calmly. One of the two most-used levers in real text-based phishing.

Mechanism 2

Borrowed Authority

Posing as a trusted third party — a bank, police, a government agency, a phone carrier — to obtain immediate compliance. The dominant lever in phone-call scams.

Mechanism 3

Imminent Loss

Threatening something the target already has — an account, a parcel, access — to trigger an immediate reaction driven by fear of losing rather than hope of gaining.

Mechanism 4

Unexpected Gain

Promising the target something they weren't expecting — a refund, a lottery win, a guaranteed-return investment — to short-circuit natural suspicion with enthusiasm.

Mechanism 5

The Small First Step

Securing a minimal, seemingly risk-free commitment — a click, a reply, a payment of a few dollars — before asking for far more.

Mechanism 6

Isolation

Cutting the target off from any outside verification — "don't tell anyone," "don't hang up" — to prevent them from seeking an opinion that would break the spell.

Mechanism 7

The Fabricated Bond

Creating a relationship out of thin air — a custom-built dating profile — or impersonating an existing one — "mom, I changed my number." The most-used lever in real text-based phishing.

Mechanism 8

Credible Coincidence

Targeting a victim at the exact moment a message appears to match their real situation — a fake delivery text right after a real order, a fake tax notice during filing season.

How to cite this publication

Egidio, Threat Lab, "The Grammar Memo," v1.0, 2026, egidio.app/en/publications/grammar-memo/

Rigor note. These 8 definitions are taken as-is from the 8 pages of the Grammar of Manipulation, which remains authoritative in case of updates — this publication is a snapshot frozen at its version date, not an independent source. License CC BY 4.0: free reuse with credit and a link.

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Cite this page Egidio — The Threat Laboratory, "The Grammar Memo — Egidio Publication", egidio.app/en/publications/grammar-memo/. Licensed CC BY 4.0.

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