1. Attention and notifications
Constant notifications and spam calls are not just a minor annoyance. Cognitive science documents that every interruption has a lasting effect on our attention span.
Gloria Mark's work shows that our attention residue persists long after we dismiss a spam text or silence a robocall. Restoring focus requires significant cognitive effort, accumulating fatigue throughout the day.
2. Psychological impact of fraud
Falling victim to a scam is never just a financial loss. Institutional research highlights severe psychological consequences that are often underestimated.
A systematic review in Frontiers in Psychology (2026) shows that fraud victimization erodes trust and causes deep psychological distress. Guilt and shame remain the primary reasons why victims suffer in silence — a pattern echoed in Australia by CHOICE's own survey of scam victims. See what really happens after a scam in Australia.
3. Regional disparities
Exposure to spam and scams varies significantly across different global regions, in both volume and specific methods.
In specific markets like South America and Southeast Asia, unsolicited robocalls dominate daily life, while regional law enforcement agencies note that fraud networks operate at an industrial scale. Australia's own losses are tracked in detail on our true cost of a scam page.
4. Seniors and vulnerable populations
While studies published in Frontiers in Psychology (2022) indicate that seniors are not necessarily victimized more frequently than younger cohorts, they lose much more per incident. Isolation, mild cognitive decline, and unfamiliarity with rapid technological shifts make them prime targets for structured scam scripts. See our guide to protecting your parents from scams.
Why this research matters to Egidio
These studies confirm the fundamental principles behind Egidio: blocking spam and scams is not just a security choice, but a way to reduce cognitive overload and reclaim your focus.
100% on your phone. Egidio detects spam and scam signals directly on your device, without sending your messages or calls to any server.
Try Egidio Free Call blocking is free, forever.5. Our local guides & analysis
Explore our native guides and detailed scam analysis for the Australian market:
- Fake myGov & ATO Text: Don't Click That Link (2026)
- Fake Australia Post Delivery Text: The $2-5 Fee Trap (2026)
- Fake Linkt Toll Text: 79,000+ Messages and Counting (2026)
- Scam Reimbursement in Australia: What's Actually Covered in 2026
- Before the Claim: What Your Australian Bank and Telco Actually Cover (2026)
- After a Scam: What Really Happens in Australia (2026)
- Been Scammed? What to Do Now, in Order (Australia, 2026)
- Affinity Fraud: How Scammers Exploit Trust in Your Community (2026)
- Remittance Scams & Immigrant Scams: Protect Family Here and Back Home (2026)
- Protecting Your Parents from Scams: The Guide (2026)
- WhatsApp Scams: How to Spot and Avoid Them (2026)
- Telegram Scams: Crypto, Fake Investments, How to Stay Safe (2026)
- Instagram Scams: Fake Investments, Account Hacking (2026)
- Messenger Scams: Fake Friend, AI Voice Cloning (2026)
- Snapchat Scams: Quick Add, Blackmail, Money Flipping (2026)
- TikTok Shop Scams: Fake Sellers, Counterfeits (2026)
- Discord Scams: Fake Nitro, Crypto & Hacked Servers (2026)
- Fortnite Scams: Fake V-Bucks Generators & Phishing (2026)
- Roblox Scams: Fake Robux Generators, Protect Your Child (2026)
- Steam Scams: Trade Scam, Fake Support & Phishing (2026)
- Tinder Scams: Pig-Butchering, Fake Profiles (2026)
- Twitch Scams: Fake Donations, Hacked Accounts & Giveaways (2026)
- LinkedIn Scams: Fake Recruiters, Fake Jobs (2026)
- Is your phone's built-in spam filter enough? (2026)
- Privacy-First Anti-Spam: The App That Doesn't Spy On You (2026)
- Telemarketing & Robocall Laws Worldwide: 17 Countries (2026)
- Why Egidio doesn't exist on iPhone (2026)
Methodology and Sources
Every figure cited on this page is sourced from official regulators, academic publications, or verified industry reports. We strictly exclude unverified or unsourced statistics.
- National Anti-Scam Centre / Scamwatch (ACCC) — Targeting Scams Report 2025 (Australia)
- FBI Internet Crime Complaint Center (IC3) — Annual Report 2024, Elder Fraud Report 2024
- FTC (Federal Trade Commission) — Consumer Sentinel Network Data Book 2024
- GASA (Global Anti-Scam Alliance) — Global State of Scams 2025
- UNODC — "Inflection Point" (2025)
- Truecaller Insights 2025
- FINRA Investor Education Foundation — Non-Traditional Costs of Financial Fraud (2015)
- Gloria Mark, Attention Span (2023); Sophie Leroy, "Attention Residue" (2009)
- Kushlev, Proulx & Dunn, CHI 2016; Ward, Duke, Gneezy & Bos, JACR 2017
- Frontiers in Psychology (2022, 2026)